The society was divided into brahmans and nonbrahmans. He became king in 985 and expanded control over most of the areas mentioned above. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. The war, gradually, spread over the rest of south india when eager to increase their influence in the pandya kingdom, the chola emperor rajadhiraja chola ii and. The political history of ancient south india has occupied its own significance and it helps us to reconstruct the history of south india with the help of inscriptions, coins, copper plates, engravings etc. The defeat of the pandya ruler, amarabhujanga and establishment of chola authority in the pandya country. The chera dynasty or cera was one of the principal lineages in the early history of the present day states of kerala and tamil nadu in southern india. Together they ruled over tamil nadu with a unique culture and language, contributing to the growth of sangam literature, some of the oldest literature. The conquest of gangavadi, tadigaipadi and nolambapadi located in the mysore region. During their history, the pandyas were repeatedly in conflict with the pallavas, cholas, hoysalas, cheras keralas. The pandyas ruled extensive territories, at times including the large portions of presentday south. Brief notes on the administration system of the cholas. The literary records also help us to better understand the political history, prevailing during the times of particular ruler.
The chola dynasty was a tamil dynasty that flourished from the 9 th century through the th century. A work of history on the pandyas who ruled southern tamilnadu until 16th century. The following is a chronological overview of the history of the tamil people, who trace their ancestry to the indian state of tamil nadu, the indian union territory of puducherry, or the northern, eastern province and puttalam district of sri lanka. The exciting history of the pandyas pandya dynasty, was an ancient tamil dynasty which ruled parts of south. He had defeated the joint forces of chera and pandya kings and.
Even after that defeat, paranthaka continued focusing on strengthening the administration over the next 6 years. The term occurs often enough in the sangam literature, such that to speak of tamilakam, a tamil land, and a tamil people, implies some sense ofcultural or ethnic identityorat least some con sciousness of independence or separateness from neighbors to the north and south. The chera, chola and pandya are the traditional tamil siblings and together with the pallavas are the major kings that ruled ancient tamilakkam. The bhakti period, starting in the 14 th century, saw the rise of temples built for principal gods and a decline in jainism and buddhism. During their history, the pandyas were repeatedly in conflict with the pallavas, cholas, hoysalas. Chola dynasty was a tamil dynasty which was one of the longestruling dynasties in southern india. Milestones in tamil history unesco courier, march, 1984. Ancient indian history chola dynasty tutorialspoint. Not only does the hindu temple bring communities together with religion, but it also has social, economic and political affects.
Pandya dynasty dynasties of ancient india history for kids. By second century of the christian era, a chola king named karikalan rose to fame as a powerful ruler. Cheras ruled kerala and chalukyas reigned karnataka. A chola king, known as elara, conquered sri lanka and ruled over it for about 50 years during the middle of the 2 nd century b. Imperial cholas cholas, chola, india, history, rajaraja. The pandyan kingdom was an ancient tamil state in south india of unknown antiquity. In 1920 there were 2 pandya families living in pennsylvania. Pandya dynasty simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. He was also known by the epithets karikala peruvalathaan. This work of historical fiction about the chola dynasty is.
The early pandyas were one of the dynasties that ruled the ancient tamil country from the prechristian era to about 200 ad. After cholas, during 14th century pandyas kingdom again emerged the power of rule in tamilnadu, but the life of this pandya kinfdom was short then muslim khilji mugamathu invaders from the north in 16. Chola empire dynasties of ancient india history for kids youtube. Temples were also endowed with land by rulers as well as by others. Jul 15, 2010 tamil history states that after th century chola kingdom started loosing their power of rule in tamilnadu. The region of tamil nadu or tamilakam, in the southeast of modern india, shows evidence of. The history of reservations in india from the 1800s to the 1950s pdf. Kafur conquered the kingdom in early 14 th century. The war, gradually, spread over the rest of south india when eager to increase their influence in the pandya kingdom, the chola emperor rajadhiraja chola ii and parakramabahu i of sri lanka entered the fray and took. For lovers of tamil art, architecture, music, dance, poetry history. Parantaka chola i the forgotten hero of south india ajith. Most trending and trusted programmes by upsc toppers.
Vijayanagara empire absorbed it after a brief period. In this vedio, we will study about the three important kingdoms of the south. Together they ruled over tamil nadu with a unique culture and language, contributing to the growth of sangam literature, some of the oldest literature in the world. You will be redirected to the full text document in the repository in a few seconds, if not click here. The heartland of the cholas was the fertile valley of the kaveri river, but they ruled a significantly larger area at the height of their power from the later half of the 9th century till the beginning of the th century. Among the nonbrahmans there is as compared to north india, little mention of kshatriyas and vaishyas but the shudras are prominent. The future chola kings all faced trouble in one way or the other. You can see how pandya families moved over time by selecting different census years. This was about 25% of all the recorded pandyas in the usa.
Parantaka chola i after this victory, earned the title of maduraikonda. Towards the close of the second century ad, after the death of gauthamiputra satkarni the satavahana empire broke up into pieces and. The pandyans and pallava territories to the south and north became part of the chola kingdom. Pandya dynasty pdf the pandyan or pandiyan or pandian dynasty was an ancient tamil dynasty, one of the three tamil dynasties, the other two being the chola and the chera. The kingship was the most powerful element of the chola administration.
The rulers of the three dynasties were referred to as the three crowned rulers the muventar of the tamil country. Avail our expert help by enrolling with us to keep your knowledge updated and stay ahead of your competition. Pandyas were one of the three ancient tamil kingdoms chola and chera being the other two who ruled the tamil country from prehistoric times until end of the 15th century. May 23, 20 the last pandya king of this first pandyan empire was maravarman rajasimha ii who ruled from 900920 ad. Iasbaba imparts 360degree ias preparation solutions with their exhaustive prelims and mains preparation courses, supported by the latest upsc preparation material. The cholas by ka nilakanta shastri april 19, 2015 south indian history books on the cholas, kan shastri books, the cholas yogeshwar shastri 4990010019082 the colas,vol. Oct 11, 2015 iasbaba imparts 360degree ias preparation solutions with their exhaustive prelims and mains preparation courses, supported by the latest upsc preparation material. The entire tanjore district, parts of trichy, pudukottai and south arcot districts formed the part of the chola mandalam. Using archaeological evidence to identify the tamil kingdoms of early historic south india article pdf available in asian perspectives 422 september 2003 with 7,996 reads. The pallavas, cholas and pandyas shared the power in the tamil country. Tamil history states that after th century chola kingdom started loosing their power of rule in tamilnadu.
The chola king who brought half of ceylon under his control a. The chola empire shrank to the region around tanjore and soon came to an. Incorrect book the list contains an incorrect book please specify the title of the book. One of the most important dynasties, chera dynasty is the most prominent tamil dynasty which ever flourished in the country.
Generally the chola army was led by the king or yuvaraja. History of tamil nadu cholas, pallavas,pandyas kingdom in. The three ancient tamil dynasties namely chera, chola, and pandya were of ancient origins. These later cholas are termed as imperial cholas because they excercised ocntrol over sri lanka and malay peninsula.
Together with the cholas of uraiyur and the pandyas of madurai, the early cheras were known as one of the three major powers muventar of ancient tamilakam a macro region in south india in the early centuries of the common era. Southern kingdoms the chera, chola and pandyas dynasties. Inappropriate the list including its title or description facilitates illegal activity, or contains hate speech or ad hominem attacks on a fellow goodreads member or author. The earliest datable references to this tamil dynasty are in inscriptions from the 3rd century bc left by asoka, of maurya empire. While turmoil was brewing up and kingdoms were rising and falling in the north, the south india remained comparatively calm and stable. Historians have used several sources to identify the origins of the early pandyan dynasty with the prechristian era and also to piece together the names of the pandyan kings. The literary records also help us to better understand the. They ruled initially from korkai, a sea port on the southern most tip of the indian peninsula, and in later. Karikala cholan karikala chola or karikala chozhan.
Krishna defeated pandya chola mahabharata ramanis blog. The civilisation of the tamil people is among the oldest in the world and has been influenced by, influenced, and coexisted with many external cultures the three tamil dynasties of chera, chola and pandya were all of ancient origins. History of tamil nadu cholas, pallavas,pandyas kingdom. The chalukyas, the pallavas, the rastrakutas, the cholas and pandyas waged wars with each other. Art of the imperial cholas examines the dynastys architectural and sculptural achievements, which stand.
The kingdom grew in size and power with the conquest of neighbouring areas by the successors of vijayalaya. The muslim invasion led to the disappearance of the pandyans. The chola dynasty was one of the longestruling dynasties in history. Code switch celebrities like rihanna, selena gomez and sandra bullock have appropriated this. Pandya kingdom refers to the pandyas of mahabharata period about whom, we only know from the traditional legends and epics. History, rules and life the cholas were an ancient race. The pandya family name was found in the usa in 1920.
Chera chola pandya history in tamil pdf download 156c1n. The cheras, the pandyas and the cholas together constituted as the main. This paper deals with some great women of the chola dynasty, and their importance of chola royal family, common women status. About pandyan dynasty one of the three famous ancient tamil dynasties other two being chola and chera, the pandyan dynasty ruled several parts of the southern india until the 15th century ce. In the melting pot were satavahana, chera, chola, pandya, chalukya, pallava, rashtrakuta and other lesser dynasties and their rulers. Parantaka chola i the forgotten hero of south india. Vasudeva krishna slew king pandya by striking his breast against his, and moved down the kalingas in battle 5. By the thirteenth century, the pandyan monarchs were gaining strength. They initially ruled their country pandya nadu from korkai, a seaport on the southernmost tip of the indian peninsula, and in later times moved to madurai. The cholas had three major administrative divisions called central government, provincial government and local government. Punishment for minor crimes were in the form of fines. Thecholas and the pandyas were mentioned as vanquished by krishna at 7.
List of historical fiction about cholas score a books total score is based on multiple factors, including the number of people who have voted for it and how highly those voters ranked the book. The great rashtrakuta empire was wiped off, and precisely at the same point in history the chola empire churned and produced one of the greatest gems among indian kings, rightly named raja rajan. The chola king was the chief justice the chola kings gave enough care for the judicial administration punishments were awarded by the judicial officers justice was mostly a local matter in the chola empire. Chola, chera and pandya dynasties the tamil country was ruled by three dynasties namely the chera, chola and pandyas during the sangam age. Tamilakam is an important historical region for early hinduism, and. The cholas by ka nilakanta shastri indian history books 5. It is believed that many southern royal families claimed their origin from the cholas. The three tamil dynasties of chera, chola and pandya were all of ancient origins. The armies of the tributary chieftains also joined chola army at needy times.
The chola rulers established a sound administrative system along with their wars and expeditions. This was about 25% of all the recorded pandya s in the usa. Also look at the elaborate stone sculptures used to. The pandya, chera, and chola dynasties ruled over the tamil people. The chola kings gave enough care for the judicial administration. The chola army and navy together had 1,50,000 trained soldiers. Known as the golden age of tamil culture, the chola period produced dynamic royal personalities who shaped the artistic activity of theirtimes. Sangam period 300 bc 200 ad polities the tamil country was ruled by three dynasties namely the chera, chola and pandyas during the sangam age. A pandya king sent an emissary to the roman emperor augustus in the first century bc. Chola temples often became the nuclei of settlements which grew around them. The pandya dynasty, also known as the pandyas of madurai, was a dynasty of south india, one of the three ethnically tamil lineages, the other two being the chola and the chera.
Karikala was a famous chola king of the early time. The rule of the chola dynasty in south india between the ninth and thirteenth centuries was a period of unparalleled creativity in indian art. The chola kings followed a highly efficient system of administration. Three crowned kings of tamilakam national geographic society.
Spam or selfpromotional the list is spam or selfpromotional. Pennsylvania had the highest population of pandya families in 1920. The invasion of sri lanka which was entrusted to his son rajendra i. After sangam, the chola became feaudatories of uraiyur. The pandya kingdom rose to fame during the th century. He was the son of ilamcetcenni and ruled around 270 bc. Precipitated by rival claims of succession, a civil war occurred in the pandya kingdom from 1169 to 1177 between parakrama pandyan i and his son vira pandya with kulasekhara.
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